ABSTRACT

Environmental issues such as global warming or the harm caused to people and nature through the release of chemicals are critical concerns for society and politics today. OECD data, for instance, make clear that the goal set in 2010 of stabilizing the climate at a twodegree Celsius global average temperature increase cannot be reached without serious policy change (OECD, n.d.). According to the US Environmental Protection Agency, 4.09 billion pounds of toxic chemicals were disposed of or released into the environment (i.e., air, water or land) in 2011 (EPA, 2011). As a result of this, fi rms are increasingly under pressure from non-market actors to improve their environmental impact.