ABSTRACT

This chapter traces the evolution of state recognition in theory and practice since the 17th century. State recognition is an institutionalised practice of the modern society of states and its law. The chapter charts the changing norms, politics, and practices of state recognition, ranging from mutual recognition between states to collective recognition and nonrecognition by states and international organisations. It highlights that state recognition has emerged as a diplomatic practice to address a practical need, which has been dominated by great powers who were keen to control the expansion of the society of states and maintain international order. The chapter also elucidates that, although historically recognition has not played a major role in the birth of states, over time it has preceded new emerging states and thus become a significant criterion for certifying sovereign statehood.